Why does daylength change through the year?
Earth's tilt is responsible for changing daylength as well as the changing seasons. In summer, when the North Pole tilts towards the Sun, it is light there 24 hours a day. Everywhere else in the Northern Hemisphere has a relatively long day and short night. In winter, the position is reversed. The North Pole tilts away from the Sun and the Northern Hemisphere has a relatively short number of daylight hours. The same situation occurs in the Southern Hemisphere.

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What is an eclipse?
On rare occasions the Sun, the Moon and the Earth are in line with each other. The Moon blocks the light from the Sun, casting a shadow 160 km (100 miles) wide on the Earth. The affected area is plunged into darkness in what is known as a solar eclipse. Because the Earth and the Moon are on the move, solar eclipses last for only 71/2 minutes.

Solar eclipse
When the Earth, the Moon and the Sun are in line, the Moon casts a shadow over part of the Earth's surface.

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Why does the Moon's face change?
When we look into the sky, the thing that appears to change most from night is the Moon. But the Moon itself does not change shape. What we see is the Sun's light reflected off the Moon (the Moon generates no light of its own),and this reflection changes as the Earth and the Moon move around the Sun. At the beginning, of the lunar month, the new moon, the lit side of the Moon faces away from Earth, so we see nothing. The portion of the Moon that we can see grows, or waxes, first into a thin silver or crescent, then it grows smaller, or wanes, in a reversal of the process.

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Earths orbit

At March :The spring day in the north is getting longer and warmer, while the spring day in the south is getting shorter and cooler.

At June : The top half of the globe, the Northern Hemisphere, is tilted towards the sun and enjoy more of the Sun's light and warmth. While it is summer in the north, it is winter in the south, which is tilted away from the sun.

September : The autumn day in the North is getting shorter and cooler, while the spring day in the south is getting longer and warmer.

December : The countries of the Northern Hemisphere are tilted away from the Sun and get the least light and warmth. While it is winter in the North, it is summer in the South, which is now tilted towards the Sun.

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SPINNING EARTH

All the planets in the Solar System spin as they orbit the Sun, but each does so at a different speed. The Earth takes 24 hours to complete a full spin, and it is this that gives us day and night. While a places faces towards the Sun, it has daylight, while it faces away from the Sun, it has night. The planets also take different lengths of time to orbit the Sun, the Earth, for example, takes 365 days , an Earth year. While the Earth orbits the Sun, the Moon orbits the Earth, taking 29 days, a lunar month, to complete a circuit.

The four seasons
The Earth's axis tilts at an angle of 23.5 degree. This tilt combined with Earth's orbit, gives hot summers and cold winters, and two seasons of change, spring and autumn.

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